Gynecomastia surgery

Gynecomastia is male breast tissue development – often due to hormonal factors, medication, steroids or other causes. Surgery removes excess gland tissue and possibly fat for a flatter, more masculine chest. The condition is graded by skin, fat and gland excess.

Who is it for?

Men with bothersome breast development after puberty. With onset after 17–18 years or unilateral development, hormonal and systemic causes are assessed before surgery. Grade and technique are decided at consultation.

How it works

Incisions are typically at the areola edge so the scar is discreet. A little tissue is left behind the nipple to avoid inversion. Liposuction is often added for even contour. Drains and compression may be used. Surgery typically lasts 1–2 hours and is often under general anaesthesia (local may be relevant in selected cases).

Risks

Risks may include temporary nipple numbness or hypersensitivity, visible scars, asymmetry and – with skin laxity – later skin removal with more visible scars.

Recovery and maintenance

Compression vest day/night for some weeks. Chest massage after about 2 weeks for up to 3 months. Avoid running until swelling settles; harder training after about 2 months. The result is typically permanent with stable weight.